Cosmetologist

Job Duties

Cosmetologists, also known as beauticians, beauty operators, or hairstylists, help people improve their appearance by making them look neater and better-groomed. They provide beauty services to their clients in order to make them look more attractive. They style the hair of their clients according to the clients' directions and to the hair type and facial features of their clients. They may shampoo, condition, cut, and set hair using a variety of techniques. They may straighten, curl, or color hair in order to give it different shapes and textures. They use tools such as combs, scissors, razors, clippers, rollers, clips, setting lotions, hot combs, and curling irons.

Many cosmetologists provide manicures and pedicures to their clients. Some are trained to provide face, neck, arm, and hand massages, as well as scalp treatments. They are usually responsible for a number of additional duties such as scheduling appointments, using the cash register, cleaning the work area and equipment, and keeping records of hair color formulas and permanent waves used by regular patrons. Those cosmetologists who are self-employed have play an additional managerial role on top of their role with clients.

Job Skills

Cosmetologists need to have a high degree of creative drive and a passion for helping people look their best. Because their work involves so much interaction with different clients, they should have a pleasant personality, as well as good communication and conversation skills. They need to have excellent manual dexterity. They should also be able to stand for long periods of time.

Income

In 2002, cosmetologists earned a median annual salary of $18,960. Earnings ranged from the lowest 10%, who earned less than $13,020, to the highest 10%, who earned more than $35,240. Their range of their income is largely determined by factors such as size and location of the salon, the number of hours worked, clients' tipping habits, and competition from other salons.

Training and Education

In all States in the U.S., cosmetologists are required to be licensed. License requirements vary from State to State. Usually, an applicant must have graduated from an accredited cosmetology school and be at least 16 years old. In some State, applicants are required to pass a physical examination. Others require applicants to be high school graduates. Some States require only and eighth-grade education. Some States allow applicants to substitute an apprenticeship program for graduation from a cosmetology school, but this is very rare. Most applicants for licensure must pass a written test and demonstrate their skill in cosmetology.

Some States allow cosmetologists to transfer their licenses from other States, while some do not allow this practice. Training in cosmetology can be obtained at public or private vocational schools, with programs lasting from 9 to 24 months. Apprenticeships usually last between 1 and 3 years. After graduation from a program, graduates apply for a license. For most, this is not the end of their education. A successful career in cosmetology usually requires years of additional continuing education to keep up with the fast-changing styles, trends, and techniques. Visit this page about cosmetology schools for more information on getting the training you need to become a cosmetologist.

Employment

In 2002, cosmetologists, including barbers, hair stylists, and hair dressers, held about 651,000 jobs. Most were employed in barber shops or beauty salons.

Job Outlook

Between 2002 and 2012, employment of cosmetologists is expected to increase about as fast as the average. This is due to a rising demand for coloring and other hair treatments among teenagers and aging baby boomers. Most cosmetologist now cut men's as well as women's hair. Many openings will result from the need to replace workers who retire, change occupations, or leave their jobs for other reasons.

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Computer Control Programmer

Job Duties

Computer-control programmers cut and shape precision products, such as auto parts, compressors, and machine parts, using computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines. CNC machines are machining tools, such as lathes, multiaxis spindles, milling machines, and electrical discharge machines (EDM) that perform functions with the aid of a computer-control module. CNC machines cut away metal, plastic, or glass from a workpiece to form a finished product. Computer-control programmers typically produce large quantities of one part, but may also produce small batches of unique items. Their knowledge of the properties of metals and their skill with CNC programming enables them to design and produce precise machined products.

CNC programmers first plan and prepare an operation, reviewing three-dimensional computer-aided/automated design (CAD) blueprints, calculating the placement of the bore into the workpiece, determining the speed of the machine, and deciding how much metal to remove. After this phase, CNC programmers convert the plan into a set of instructions, which are translated into a computer-aided/automated manufacturing (CAM) program. This program has a set of commands for the machine to follow in order to complete the operation. Computer-control programmers check new programs to ensure that the machinery will function properly and that the output will meet specifications.

Job Skills

Computer-control programmers should have a basic knowledge of computers and electronics. Experience with machine tools can be very advantageous. They should have the ability to learn new programming languages because numerous languages are constantly in use within the manufacturing industry.

Income

In 2002, computer-control programmers earned a median hourly wage of $13.97. Earnings ranged from the lowest 10%, who earned less than $9.14, and the highest 10%, who earned more than $21.27. The following shows the median hourly wages for the industries employing the highest numbers of computer-control programmers:

• Metalworking machinery manufacturing -- $15.97
• Other fabricated metal product manufacturing -- $15.14
• Machine shops -- $13.82
• Motor vehicle parts manufacturing -- $13.08
• Plastics product manufacturing -- $11.00

Training and Education

Computer-control programmers receive training in a number of different ways. Some train in apprenticeship programs, while others train informally on the job. Others receive training from a secondary, vocational, or postsecondary school. A shortage of qualified applicants has lead many employers to teach introductory courses in metalworking, machines, safety, and blueprint reading. Experience with machine tools can be very advantageous, and many computer-control programmers have previous work experience as machinists. High school or vocational courses in mathematics (trigonometry and algebra), blueprint reading, computer programming, metalworking, and drafting are valued by employers. A growing number of computer-control programmers get their training from community or technical colleges.

Many training facilities have started using curricula that is standardized by the National Institute of Metalworking Skills (NIMS). Trainees must pass a performance requirement and written test. Once they pass, they receive a NIMS credential that recognizes their metalworking competency and can add to career opportunities. Computer-control programmers update their skills with additional training even after they are hired. Representatives from equipment manufacturers usually provide this training.

Employment

In 2002, computer-control programmers held about 151,000 jobs. Most worked in machine shops, plastics products manufacturing, or machinery manufacturing.

Job Outlook

Between 2002 and 2012, employment of engineering technicians is expected to increase more slowly than the average, due to the increased use of CNC machines. However, job prospects should be excellent due to the low number of people entering training programs, which will create a shortage of and demand for trained workers.

For more information as a Computer Control Programmer, please see our directory of schools offering CNC Training

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Community Property Manager

Property, real estate, and community association managers oversee buildings in order to ensure income and profits, or to preserve and enhance resale values. Property and real estate managers specialize in commercial or residential properties that produce income. Community association managers specialize in condominiums, cooperatives, and planned communities, and work through homeowners' or community associations. These managers are usually hired when owners feel they lack the time or expertise necessary to manage their apartments, office buildings, or retail or industrial properties. Property and real estate managers are usually responsible for the financial operations of property, such as collecting rent, and paying taxes, payroll, insurance, and maintenance. They negotiate with contractors for janitorial security, groundskeeping, trash removal, and other services. The may also enforce lease agreements and purchase supplies and equipment for the property. Community association managers are responsible for collecting dues from members, preparing financial statements, negotiating with contractors, and resolving complaints.

Job Skills

Property, real estate, and community association managers must be resourceful, creative people. They should have good writing and computer skills. They need to be good negotiators, able to talk with and persuade people. They also should be skilled at analyzing data to determine the accurate market value of property.

Income

In 2002, property, real estate, and community association managers earned a median annual salary of $36,880. Earnings ranged from the lowest 10%, who earned less than $17,450, and the highest 10%, who earned more than $86,650. The following shows the median annual salaries for the industries employing the highest numbers of property, real estate, and community association managers:

• Local government - $50,340
• Offices of real estate agents and brokers - 37,820
• Activities related to real estate - 35,750
• Lessors of real estate - 31,190

Training and Education

Most employers of property, real estate, and community association managers prefer to hire graduates with bachelor's degrees in business administration, accounting, finance, real estate, public administration, or a liberal arts background. Many start out as onsite managers of apartment buildings, office complexes, or community associations, or as employees of property management firms or community association management companies. Some may advance to assistant property manager positions. Assistants work under an experienced property manager learning how to prepare budgets, analyze insurance coverage and risk options, market property to prospective tenants, and collect overdue rent payments.

They may eventually advance to property management positions. Most real estate managers enter this profession by transferring from another occupation, such as property manager or real estate broker. Most employers encourage managers to attend formal training programs offered by professional and trade associations, which also offer certification or formal professional designation. Visit this page about trade schools for more information on related careers.

Employment

In 2002, property, real estate, and community association managers held about 293,000 jobs. 40% worked for real estate agents and brokers, lessors of real estate, or property management firms. Others were employed by real estate development companies, government agencies that manage public buildings, and corporations with extensive holdings of commercial property.

Job Outlook

Between 2002 and 2012, the number of loan officers is expected to increase about as fast as the average. This will be due to the projected expansion of the real estate and rental and leasing industry, an overall increase in the nation's stock of buildings, and the development of new homes. The growing elderly population will create a demand for more assisted-living facilities. Opportunity will be best for those candidates with a bachelor's degree in business administration, real estate, or a related field, and those who acquire professional designation.

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Cement Mason

Job Duties

Cement masons place and finish concrete. They also color concrete surfaces, expose aggregate in stone walls, and fabricate beams, columns, and panels. The process for placing concrete has a number of steps. First, cement masons set forms that hold and align the concrete. Then they direct the concrete into the formed area and use specialized tools to spread it around the area. They level the concrete by guiding a straightedge back and forth across it. They then use a tool called a "bull float" to smooth the surface and bring a mixture of fine cement to the top. After the leveling and floating process, they press edgers between the forms and the concrete to prevent chipping and cracking.

The final step includes retroweling the concrete surface with powered and hand trowels. They use different techniques depending on the type of surface they want to create. For a coarse, nonskid finish, they use a broom or stiff-bristled brush. If they want to create a pebble finish, they embed chips of gravel into the finish. In order to create color, they use colored premixed concrete. For exposed concrete, they often cut away high spots and loose concrete with hammer and chisel, fill in the indentations with Portland cement, and smooth the surface with a carborundum stone. Throughout their work, cement masons monitor the effects of weather on their work.

Job Skills

Those interested in a career as a cement mason should have good manual dexterity and eye-hand coordination. They need to be physically fit because the work is extremely physically demanding. They should enjoy working outdoors. Those who intend to become supervisors should have good leadership and communication skills.

Income

In 2002, cement masons earned a median hourly wage of $14.74. Earnings ranged from the lowest 10%, who earned less than $9.31, to the highest 10%, who earned more than $26.02. The following shows the median hourly wages in the industries employing the highest numbers of cement masons:

• Nonresidential building construction -- $16.24
• Highway, street, and bridge construction -- $15.37
• Other specialty trade contractors -- $15.19
• Foundation, structure, and building exterior contractors -- $14.52
• Residential building construction -- $14.44

Training and Education

A majority of cement masons receive training on the job or in 3- to 4-year apprenticeship program. Many begin their careers as construction laborers. Most employers prefer to hire high school graduates who are at least 18 years old for apprenticeship and helper positions. On-the-job training is usually informal and includes use of tools, equipment, machines, and materials. Trainees begin by taking on small tasks and move on to larger assignments as they learn more. Apprenticeship programs are usually co-sponsored by unions and contractors include 144 hours of classroom training in addition to on-the-job training. Classes include applied mathematics, blueprint reading, and safety. With experience and additional training, cement masons can become supervisors for contractors or owners of their own businesses. Visit this page about trade schools for more information on related careers.

Employment

In 2002, cement masons held about 190,000 jobs. About 1 in 20 were self-employed.

Job Outlook

Between 2002 and 2012, employment of cement masons is expected to increase faster than the average. Construction of new highways, bridges, subways, factories, office buildings, hotels, shopping centers, schools, and hospitals will spur demand for these workers. Overall job prospects will be favorable because the demand for these workers equals the supply. Employment is sensitive to economic cycles, however, and workers may experience periods of unemployment.

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Cartographer

Job Duties

Cartographers create maps of large areas based on geographic, political, and cultural information. They chart the surface of the planet using mapping and measuring techniques. They complete research on the geography of areas and produce the actual maps themselves. They work with spatial data, such as latitude, longitude, elevation, and distance. They also use data that is nonspatial, like population density and precipitation levels. They create maps in digital or graphic formats with information gathered from satellites, aerial photographs, and geodetic surveys.

The cartographer occupation is currently going through a period of rapid change. Aerial photography methods are improving, Global Positioning Systems (GPS) are having a dramatic effect, and a new technology is emerging called geographic information systems (GIS). GIS utilizes computerized data banks of spatial data to assemble, integrate, analyze, and display location-oriented data. The technology is mostly used for projects in which information from environmental studies, geology, engineering, planning, business marketing, and other disciplines needs to be effectively combined.

Job Skills

Cartographers should have good visual abilities. Excellent eyesight, coordination, and hearing to communicate if they work in the field. They should also be in good physical shape. Teamwork is essential in this profession, and cartographers must be very good at working cooperatively with other people. They should also have good clerical, organizational, and research skills.

Income

In 2002, cartographers earned a median annual salary of $42,870. Earnings ranged from the lowest 10%, who earned less than $25,810, to the highest 10%, who earned more than $69,320.

Training and Education

Most cartographers have a bachelor's degree in engineering, forestry, geography, physical sciences, or a related discipline. Some cartographers enter the occupation by starting as a cartographic technician and working their way up as they gain experience. This is changing because most cartographic technician positions require specialized training from a postsecondary college or school. Cartographers also need to gain additional education and training using the technology of GIS. Technical skills, especially in computers, is becoming a prerequisite for entry into the profession. High school students interested in developing a career as a cartographer should take courses in algebra, geometry, trigonometry, drafting, mechanical drawing, and computer science. Visit this page about trade schools for more information on related careers.

Employment

In 2002, cartographers and closely related workers held about 124,000 jobs. Two-thirds worked in architectural, engineering, and related services. About 1 in 6 worked fro Federal, State, and local government agencies.

Job Outlook

Between 2002 and 2012, employment of cartographers is expected to increase about as fast as the average. Advancing technologies will improve the productivity of these workers, which will somewhat inhibit job growth. However, workers who leave the occupation will still need to be replaced. Most job opportunities will be concentrated in architectural, engineering, and related services. New opportunities will arise in the areas of urban planning, emergency preparedness, and natural resource exploration and mapping. Opportunities will be best for those who have the strongest technical and computer skills and at least a bachelor's degree.

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Carpet Installer

Job Duties

Floor covering installers specialize in the repair, replacement, and installation of various floor coverings, including carpet. They install these materials on walls as well. The process of installing carpet involves a number of sequential steps, beginning with the pre-installation phase. Installers first sweep the floor and make sure it is dry and smooth. They may fill cracks and holes to level the surface. They measure the dimensions of the room and make a sketch of the area to be covered. They then accurately cut the material to fit the floor area.

After installers complete the pre-installation phase, the begin the installation. They use different techniques depending on the area they are covering. For wall-to-wall carpeting, they use a "tackless" strip that is nailed around the room near the wall. They then stretch the carpet out and hook it over the nails. For stairs and confined spaces, installers use a "knee kicker", and in large rooms, they join carpet sections at the seams.

Job Skills

Aspiring carpet installers should have a number of desirable traits. They should have excellent manual dexterity and hand-eye coordination. They need to be physically fit. A good aptitude for solving quick mathematical problems is very helpful.

Income

The union wage for journey-level carpet installers ranges from $16.00 to $22.00 per hour. Apprentices usually earn 25% to 45% of the journey-level wages. Installers usually work 8-hour days, 4 to 5 days per week when work is available. They may earn overtime at time-and-a-half or double their normal wage.

Training and Education

Some carpet installers learn their skills in an informal way by working under the supervision of experienced workers. Most employers prefer to hire installers who have completed formal apprenticeship programs, usually sponsored by local unions and employers. Apprenticeship programs combine on-the-job training with classroom instruction, which is typically held once or twice a week at training centers and covers both carpet and resilient floor covering installation. Graduates of these programs are much more desirable to employers because they are fully trained.

In order to be considered for admission to apprenticeship programs, applicants must be at least 18 years old and hold a high school diploma or equivalent. Sometimes a written test or interview are required. Most programs last about 3 years. With experience, installers may become supervisors or estimators, or they may start their own businesses. Visit this page about trade schools for more information on related careers.

Employment

In 2002, carpet installers held about 82,000 jobs. Most worked for flooring contractors or floor covering retailers.

Job Outlook

Between 2002 and 2012, employment of carpet installers is expected to increase about as fast as the average. This will be due largely to a continued need to renovate and refurbish existing structures. Carpet will continue to be a popular floor covering, and carpet installers will have good job opportunities.

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Carpenter

Job Duties

Carpenters work in many different areas of the construction industry. They assist in the construction of buildings, highways, bridges, docks, industrial plants, boats, and many other types of common structures. Carpenters are becoming increasingly specialized, as most contractors specialize in one or two types of projects and hire contractors familiar with that specialization. Those who work in the construction of buildings usually are responsible for a number of duties, including framing walls, installing doors, building stairs, laying hardwood floors, and hanging cabinets. They build ventilation walls to control air circulation during construction.

Some carpenters participate in the remodeling of homes and other structures. These workers must be familiar with all aspects of carpentry work instead of just a few specialized tasks. Those who have a general, overall understanding of carpentry work are preferred by contractors who work on these kinds of projects. Other carpenters work outside the realm of construction, performing a wide variety of maintenance and installation work. These carpenters may specialize in glass replacement, ceiling tile installation, desk repair, or furniture renovation. In manufacturing firms, carpenters often move or install machinery.

Job Skills

Aspiring carpenters should have a number of desirable traits. They should have excellent manual dexterity and hand-eye coordination. They need to be physically fit and have a good sense of balance. A good aptitude for solving quick mathematical problems is very helpful.

Income

In 2002, carpenters earned a median hourly wage of $16.44. Earnings ranged from the lowest 10%, who earned less than $9.95, to the highest 10%, who earned more than $27.97. The following shows the median hourly wages in the industries employing the highest numbers of carpenters:

• Nonresidential building construction -- $18.31
• Building finishing construction -- $17.30
• Residential building construction -- $16.02
• Foundation, structure, and building exterior contractors -- $16.01
• Employment services -- $12.58

Training and Education

Carpenters learn their skills either by participating in a formal training program or through on-the-job training. A majority pick up their skills gradually and informally by working under the supervision of experienced carpenters. Others undergo formal vocational education programs. Apprenticeship programs are recommended by many employers as the most effective way to learn carpentry skills. Apprenticeships last between 3 and 4 years and are offered through the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, the Associated General Contractors, Inc., and the National Association of Home Builders.

Apprentices learn practical skills, such as rough framing and form building, as well as classroom information, such as freehand sketching and basic mathematics. On-the-job training is less formal and less comprehensive than apprenticeship programs, and both types of training programs look favorably upon a high school education. Carpenters may advance to carpentry supervis or or general construction supervisor positions. Visit this page about trade schools for more information on related careers.

Employment

In 2002, carpenters held about 1.2 million jobs. One-third were employed by general building contractors and one-fifth were employed by special trade contractors.

Job Outlook

Between 2002 and 2012, employment of carpenters is expected to increase about as fast as the average. Construction of new houses and commercial and industrial plants will spur demand for these workers. This will be particularly true as the baby boomers enter their peak earning years and spend more on housing. Job opportunities for carpenters will be excellent because of the size of the occupation and the high rate of turnover.

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Bus Driver

Job Duties

Bus drivers transport people either within or between cities in vehicles powered by gasoline, diesel, or electricity. Bus drivers are responsible for keeping accurate records of their routes, including distance, time, and fare amounts. They are usually not responsible for mechanical repair of buses, but instead report mechanical problems and needed repairs to supervisors. They keep the bus clean, and sometimes make extremely minor repairs while on their routes.

A bus driver's specific duties depend largely on the type of bus route they drive. Local transit drivers usually transport passengers within urban areas along predetermined routes. They collect fares from passengers, verify bus passes, make change, announce specific stops, and answer any passenger questions. Inter-city drivers transport passengers between cities, and charter drivers transport passengers to a specific destination and usually wait at the location until the group is ready to return. Shuttle drivers transport passengers between passengers' homes and specific destination, such as health clinics, adult day care centers, hotels, fairgrounds, airport terminals, and parking lots.

Job Skills

Bus drivers must be able to be consistently courteous to customers and passengers. They should have an even temperament. They need to be emotionally stable because dealing with passengers while operating a large vehicle in traffic can be highly stressful. They should have excellent customer service and communication skills. They should have the ability to manage large groups of people.

Income

In 2002, bus drivers earned a median hourly wage of $14.22. Earnings ranged from the lowest 10%, who earned less than $8.37, to the highest 10%, who earned more than $22.51. The following shows the median hourly wages in the industries employing the highest numbers of bus drivers:

• Local government -- $16.95
• Interurban and rural bus transportation -- $15.15
• Urban transit systems -- $15.02
• School and employee bus transportation -- $11.29
• Charter bus industry -- $10.64

Training and Education

The standards for bus drivers are set by State and Federal regulations. Federal regulations require bus drivers to hold a commercial driver's license (CDL) from the State where they live. CDL requirements include passing a written test on rules and regulations, as well as demonstrating safe bus driving and operation. If an applicant has ever had a driver's license suspended or revoked, they may be denied a CDL. Bus drivers who operate within a certain State are usually required to be at least 18 years old. For those who operate interstate buses, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations requires them to be at least 21 years old and to pass a physical examination every two years.

Drivers are required to have at least 20/40 vision with or without glasses. They cannot be colorblind. They must have good hearing and normal use of arms and legs. They are required to undergo drug and alcohol testing under State regulations. They are also required to be able to read and speak English fluently. Many employers prefer applicants with high school diplomas, and on-the-job training is provided by most employers. Visit this page about trade schools for more information on related careers.

Employment

In 2002, bus drivers held about 654,000 jobs.

Job Outlook

Between 2002 and 2012, employment of bus drivers is expected to increase about as fast as the average. The growing and aging population will have an increased need for transportation. The school-age population will also have increased transportation needs. The best opportunities await individuals who have good driving records and who are willing to work part-time or irregular schedules. Competition will remain fierce for higher paying intercity and public transit bus driver positions.

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Burglar And Fire Alarm Installer

Job Duties

Burglar and fire alarm installers are responsible for installing electrical signaling systems known as alarms. These alarms serve a variety of purposes. They may notify a private central office of fire or burglary on a subscriber's premises. They may automatically dial 911 if a burglary or fire is detected on the property. Or they may ring an alarm if a burglary or fire is detected. Using blueprints of electrical layouts and building plans, burglar and fire alarm installers set up wired and wireless alarm systems, conduits, electronic, sensors, and signaling units.

Installers may install these alarm systems in either residential or commercial buildings. Some installers install more complex security systems that may include circuit television, surveillance systems, and intercom systems. All installers use a variety of hand and power tools to complete their work. Many operate soldering irons while on the job. Many experienced installers are trained to become repairers of burglar and fire alarms, although some employers train employees in repair first and installation second.

Job Skills

Burglar and fire alarm installers should have mechanical and mathematical aptitudes. They need to be able to climb ladders and should not be afraid of heights or confined spaces. They also should have a neat appearance, good customer relation skills, and a stable work history. It is also important for them to have good color perception.

Income

Burglar and fire alarm installers earn an average wage of $11.90. Almost 70% are paid on an hourly basis, and about 50% earn bonuses and commissions. Installers typically work a 40-hour week and are often on stand-by for emergency repair work. Benefits may include paid vacation, sick leave, and, in some firms, health insurance.

Training and Education

Installers are usually required to have taken high school courses in mathematics, basic electricity, and electronics. Applicants need to have the skills necessary to operate electrician's tools and they need to be able to learn the basics of alarm systems quickly. They need to understand the equipment they are installing, and this includes knowing how to run a circuit wire indoors and out, how to connect equipment into a circuit, and how to tell if a circuit is open, closed, or grounded. They need to be able to read a wire drawing and follow the manufacturer's instructions.

Some employers train their new employees on the job through videos and technical manuals. Others offer manufacturer's training programs. Applicants for installer positions who have construction experience or knowledge of electrical principles have a large advantage in the hiring process. Their criminal record must be clear of any felony convictions. A few companies require their workers to be bondable. With experience, installers can become installation supervisors but advance may stop there without a college degree. Visit this page about trade schools for more information on related careers.

Job Outlook

Between 2002 and 2012, employment of burglar and fire alarm installers is expected to increase more slowly than the average. Most job openings will result from the need to replace workers who retire, change occupations, or leave their jobs for other reasons. Job opportunities will be best for those with formal training, comprehensive knowledge of electrical and electronic equipment, and work experience.

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Building Inspector

Job Duties

Building inspectors are responsible for ensuring compliance with codes, ordinances, regulation, and specifications relating to buildings, highways, streets, bridges, and many other types of structures. Inspectors make an inspection during the first phase of the construction, as well as many additional inspections during throughout the entire construction process. In 1994, the first set of national uniform building codes was released by the International Code Council (ICC), making it much easier for building inspectors to change locations throughout the country and still be familiar with codes. In areas where severe weather or natural disasters are a concern, building inspectors focus on compliance with safety regulations that protect structures and people from these acts of nature.

Building inspectors specialize in many different areas of the occupation. Plan examiners decide if building plans are sound and will comply with codes and regulations. Electrical inspectors examine electrical systems to ensure they function properly. Elevator inspectors examine devices such as elevators, escalators, moving sidewalks, lifts and hoists, inclined railways, ski lifts, and amusement rides. Mechanical inspectors are responsible for the inspection of mechanical devices. Plumbing inspectors inspect plumbing systems, including drain, waste, and vent lines. Public works inspectors ensure conformity of government construction projects to Federal codes. Home inspectors inspect newly constructed homes.

Job Skills

Building inspectors need to have a thorough knowledge of construction practices in one specific area. They need to have good communication and interpersonal skills. They must be in good physical condition because they are often required to walk around job sites for significant lengths of time. They usually need to have a valid driver's license.

Income

In 2002, building inspectors earned a median hourly wage of $20.01. Earnings ranged from the lowest 10%, who earned less than $12.53, to the highest 10%, who earned more than $30.10. The following shows the median annual salaries in the industries employing the highest numbers of building inspectors:

• Local government -- $42,260
• Architectural, engineering, and related services -- $40,770
• State government -- $39,610

Training and Education

Employment requirements for building inspectors vary considerably based on geographic location. They should have a thorough knowledge of construction in one particular area, as well as a number of years of experience as a manager, supervisor, or craftworker in the construction and building industries. Most inspectors begin their careers working as a carpenter, electricians, plumber, or pipefitter. Most employers require applicants to have at least a high school diploma, and many search out applicants who have studied engineering or architecture.

Some prefer those with a degree from a community college in building inspection, home inspection, construction technology, drafting, and mathematics. Most inspectors receive a majority of their training on the job, while learning codes and regulation on their own time. They are required to receive continuing education to stay abreast of new developments in the field. Most State require inspectors to be certified. Visit this page about trade schools for more information on related careers.

Employment

In 2002, building inspectors held about 84,000 jobs. Most were employed by government of by architectural and engineering firms.

Job Outlook

Between 2002 and 2012, employment of building inspectors is expected to increase about as fast as the average. Greater concern in the general public for safety will create demand for these workers. Opportunities will be best for those with a high degree of experience as supervisors and construction craftworkers, as well as some college education in engineering or architecture.

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Brick Mason

Job Duties

Brick masons are responsible for building structures such as walls, partitions, arches, fireplaces, chimneys, and others. They use materials such as solid bricks, hollow concrete blocks, structural tiles, natural and artificial stone, and prefabricated masonry panels. Some install and repair firebrick linings in industrial kilns and furnaces. When brick masons begin a project, they first study the blueprints and then determine the brick layout by placing them in "dry course," a process that involves no mortar. They must plan the layout so that, if multiple layers of brick are used, none of the joints overlap. Then they mix and spread mortar, a task that takes time to master.

Brick masons use a variety of tools, such as trowels, jointers, hammers, rules, chisels, squares, and mallets. Brick masons at the journey level can handle any type of masonry work and usually work in small groups which are directed by a supervisor. When masonry construction must be reinforced to resist stress such as earthquakes and architectural loads, brick masons insert steel bars between two vertical walls of bricks and pour cement into the space between the walls to bond the masonry units to the steel.

Job Skills

Those interested in a career as a brick mason should have good manual dexterity and eye-hand coordination. They need to be physically fit because the work is extremely physically demanding. They should enjoy working outdoors. Those who intend to become supervisors should have good leadership and communication skills.

Income

In 2002, brick masons earned a median hourly wage of $20.11. Earnings ranged from the lowest 10%, who earned less than $11.55, to the highest 10%, who earned more than $30.66.

Training and Education

Most brick masons observe and learn from more experienced workers on an informal basis. Others are trained at vocational education schools or industry-based programs. Still others complete apprenticeship programs, which usually give workers the most comprehensive training. Those trained on the job begin working as helpers, laborers, or mason tenders. They carry materials, move scaffolds, and mix mortars, and eventually start learning how to spread mortar, lay brick, or set stone. On-the-job learning usually lasts longer than an apprenticeship.

Apprenticeships are typically sponsored by local contractors, trade associations, or union-management committees. They last 3 years and include at least 144 hours of classroom instruction each year in blueprint reading, mathematics, layout work, and sketching. Applicants are required to be at least 17 years old and sometimes to have a high school education. As they gain training and experience, brick masons may be able to advance to positions such as supervisor or masonry contractor. Some start their own businesses and end up spending most of their time managing employees rather than actually completing masonry work. Some move into related fields such as construction management or building inspection. Visit this page about trade schools for more information on related careers.

Employment

In 2002, brick masons held about 165,000 jobs. About 25% were self-employed, specializing in small jobs such as patios, walkways, and fireplaces.

Job Outlook

Between 2002 and 2012, employment of brick masons is expected to increase about as fast as the average. Overall population and business growth will be a major factor, creating a demand for new houses, industrial facilities, schools, hospitals, offices, and other structures. The need to restore old masonry buildings will also create demand. It is expected that there will be fewer applicants than job openings in this profession, creating good employment opportunities.

http://www.education-online-search.com/articles/careers/vocational_careers/brick_mason

Become A Truck Driver

This article provides an overview of truck driver careers and the requirements to become a truck driver. This article will outline truck driver job duties, salary levels, and employment prospects, as well as discuss the career's necessary skills, training, educational requirements, and certification requirements.

Truck Driver Job Duties

Truck drivers are involved in delivering almost everything that we purchase. Even goods that are transported by plane, rail, or on a ship, must travel by truck at some point in their journey from producer to consumer. Trucks drivers are classified by the size of the truck that they drive:

* Heavy truck and/or tractor trailer drivers drive trucks with a capacity of 26,000 pounds or more Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW)
* Light truck drivers drive trucks with a capacity under 26,000 pounds GVW

Truck drivers can further be classified by the length of their driving routes. Local drivers typically provide daily service and drive short distances or specific short routes. Some local truck drivers also have sales or customer service responsibilities, as would be the case for a wholesale bakery driver. Intercity, or interstate, truck drivers, also sometimes called long-haul drivers, drive longer distances, frequently requiring long periods away from home.

The basic job duties of a truck drive can include:

* Monitoring fuel and oil levels of their truck
* Inspecting the truck's basic systems such as brakes, wipers, and lights, to assure that they are in proper working order
* Inspecting basic safety equipment such as fire extinguishers, and flares to make sure that they are onboard and in proper working order
* Inspecting and securing cargo
* Driving cargo from its point of origin to its destination
* Loading and/or unloading cargo
* Filling out all necessary U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) reports and forms
* Driver/sales persons will also have to monitor inventories at delivery destinations and handle ordering of inventory

Truck driving can be physically demanding work requiring long periods of driving, and loading and unloading of cargo. The U.S. DOT does stipulate that long-distance drivers cannot work more than 60 hours in a 7-day period. They also require that drivers rest 10 hours for every 11 hours of driving.

Truck Driver Job Skills

Truck driver job skills include:

* Ability to operate a heavy, complex, vehicle
* Possess excellent vision (20/40 or better naturally or with corrective lenses)
* Possess good hearing (hear a forced whisper at 5 feet naturally or with a hearing aide)
* Have normal use of arms and legs
* Possess physical strength for loading and unloading duties
* Ability to read and write English
* Driver/sales persons must also be comfortable dealing with people and have effective verbal communication skills

Truck Driver Income

Truck drivers can be paid by the hour or miles driven. As of 2002, hourly earnings for heavy truck and tractor-trailer drivers were around $15.97, with the top 10% earning more than $23.75 per hour. Earnings for truck drivers vary by industry segment with the median hourly rates for the industries employing the largest number of truck drivers being:
Industry Median Hourly Rate
General freight trucking $17.56
Grocery and related product wholesalers $16.90
Specialized freight trucking $15.79
Other specialty trade contractors $14.25
Cement and concrete product manufacturing $14.14

As of 2002, hourly earnings for light or delivery service truck drivers were around $11.48, with the top 10% earning more than $20.68 per hour. Earnings for truck drivers vary by industry segment with the median hourly rates for the industries employing the largest number of light or delivery service truck drivers being:
Industry Median Hourly Rate
Couriers $17.48
General freight trucking $14.92
Grocery and related product wholesalers $12.26
Building materials and supply dealers $10.83
Automotive parts, accessories, and tire stores $7.82

As of 2002, hourly earnings for drivers/sales persons were around $9.92, with the top 10% earning more than $19.60 per hour. Earnings for truck drivers vary by industry segment with the median hourly rates for the industries employing the largest number of drivers/sales persons being:
Industry Median Hourly Rate
Specialty food stores $14.98
Dry cleaning and laundry services $14.74
Grocery and related product wholesalers $12.66
Linen service $6.78
Full-service restaurants $6.47
Training and Education Required to Become a Truck Driver

A high school degree is not absolutely required to become a truck driver, but it is strongly preferred. State and Federal regulations govern the qualifications to become a truck driver. In many states, a regular driver's license is all that is necessary to drive light trucks and vans. Drivers of heavy trucks, those of 26,000 pounds GVW or more, or drivers of hazardous cargos, must obtain a commercial driver's license (CDL) from the state in which they reside. To obtain a CDL, an individual must pass a written test on rules and regulations, and then demonstrate that they can operate a commercial truck safely.

The U.S. DOT has further requirements for drivers engaged in interstate commerce (drivers who drive trucks across state lines). Such drivers must be at least 21 years old. They must also pass a physical every two years (20/40 vision, not color blind, adequate hearing, normal use of limbs, no epilepsy or insulin-controlled diabetes).

Federal law also requires that drivers submit to alcohol and drug tests as a condition of employment. Random drug testing is also required.

Interstate commerce drivers must also pass a written test on the Motor Carrier Safety Regulations of the U.S. DOT.

Most individuals who wish to obtain a CDL get their training from a public or private vocational/technical school that offers a tractor-trailer driver program. The Professional Truck Driver Institute (PDTI) certifies driver training programs offered by schools. An individual wishing to drive for a particular company should check that they will accept the training from a particular truck driver training program. Many companies also give new drivers some informal training that is usually only a couple of hours in duration. New drivers may also ride with experienced drivers before being assigned their own runs. Additional training may be offered by companies to operate specialized trucks or handle hazardous materials.

Click here for information on Truck Driving Schools and the programs that they offer.
Truck Driver Employment

In 2002, there were about 3.2 million truck drivers in the United States. Of this, almost 88% were truck drivers, and the remainder were drivers/sales workers. The truck transportation industry employs over 25% of all truck drivers. The remainder work for many different industries. Over 10% of truck drivers are self-employed.
Truck Driver Job Outlook

The need for truck drivers is expected to grow as fast as the average for all occupations over most of the next decade. The demand for driver/sales workers is expected to grow more slowly than the average over the same period of time.

http://www.education-online-search.com/articles/careers/vocational_careers/become_a_truck_driver

Appliance Repairer

Job Duties

Appliance repairers service either large or small household appliances. Those who work with larger appliances, such as stoves, ovens, refrigerators, dishwashers, and washing machines, usually complete the repairs in the homes of customers. Those who work with smaller appliances, such as coffee makers, vacuum cleaners, and lawn mowers, typically do their work in repair shops. Both types of repairers use diagnostic equipment to determine the problem with a given appliance. They look for symptoms like overheating, excess vibrations, or unusual noises. They usually check all electrical connections, looking for damaged circuit boards. If the job requires it, they will disassemble the appliance and examine its internal parts. For this phase of the repair, they use a variety of hand and power tools.

When working with electronic, gas, and electric systems, they often use tools such as ammeters, voltmeters, digital logic testers, pressure gauges, and manometers. When they have determined the exact type of problem, they give the customer a written estimate that includes parts and labor. If the customer approves this estimate, they make adjustments, replace any parts that need replacing, and install new parts. Sometimes they connect new pipes to feeder lines. If the customer suspects gas or microwave leaks, the repairer will test for these types of leaks using specialized equipment. Repairers also keep records of their work, including time spent and parts used. They answer questions from customers regarding the proper maintenance and care of their appliances.

Job Skills

Appliance repairers need to have a strong mechanical aptitude. They must have good problem-solving and analytical skills. They must have a pleasant personality and the ability to deal with many different types of customers. They often work independently, so the need to be able to work well without supervision.

Income

Appliance repairers without any experience may begin by earning minimum wage; some may earn up to $12 per hour. Those who have some experience may earn up to $17 per hour, and those who have 3 or more years of experience can earn up to $26 per hour or more. On top of their hourly wage, many repairers receive some type of commission. Large firms usually offer higher wages than smaller ones. Benefits usually include health plans, vacation time, and sick leave.

Training and Education

Most appliance repairers have at least a high school diploma and knowledge of the concepts of electricity and electronics. High school students interested in this field should take classes in English, algebra, geometry, mechanical drawing physics, and basic electricity and electronics. Formal training in this occupation is available through community colleges and private vocational schools. Community college programs usually last 2 years, and vocational programs may take between 26 and 36 weeks. Journey-level status usually takes about 5 years to obtain, and most shops give their employees on-the-job training during that period.

Those who work for franchised appliance dealers are required to attend periodic refresher courses a couple days a year. Most repairers drive vehicles, so they are required to have a valid driver's license and a good driving record. Repairers can advance to shop supervisor or manager. Visit this page about trade schools for more information on related careers.

Job Outlook

Between 2002 and 2012, employment of appliance repairers is expected to increase more slowly than the average. This is due to advances in appliance technology, such as solid state circuitry and sensing devices, which reduce the rate of breakdown or failure in appliances. Job opportunities usually fluctuate with the state of the overall economy. The number of workers who are employed by department stores will decrease, while the number of positions at appliance stores, electrical repair shops, and electronics stores will increase.

http://www.education-online-search.com/articles/careers/vocational_careers/appliance_repairer

Barber

Job Duties

Barbers improve the appearance of their customers' hair, mainly by cutting it. Some barbers are known as hair stylists, and they shape their the hair of their clients to match facial features, hair quality, and lifestyle. They talk with the customer about their needs and desires concerning their hair. Then they shampoo, condition, cut, dry, and shape the customer's hair using many different techniques. Some barbers curl or straighten hair with chemical solutions and other equipment. Some give shaves, trim beards and mustaches, and give scalp and facial massages. They often keep records of their clients' visits, including services performed, products purchased, and money charged.

Some barbers work with customers who have toupees, fitting, measuring, and grooming them. Some use microscopes and other equipment to diagnose hair problems. They may even send samples of clients' hair to laboratories to be analyzed. After they diagnose the problem, they often recommend conditioning treatments. Barbers maintain their equipment, keeping scissors, combs, and other instruments sterilized. They are responsible for keeping their work stations clean and sweeping the shop. Those who manage shops usually order supplies, keep financial records, pay bills, and hire workers.

Job Skills

Barbers need to have a high degree of creative drive and a passion for cutting and styling hair. Because their work involves so much interaction with different clients, they should have a pleasant personality, as well as good communication and conversation skills. They need to have excellent manual dexterity. They should also be able to stand for long periods of time.

Income

Barbers are paid a set fee for services, a commission, or a guaranteed weekly wage, whichever is higher. Commissions are usually 40% to 80% of the gross amount the barber's station. The hourly wage of barbers usually starts at minimum wage. Earnings depend on the size, location, and type of shop in which they work. They also may earn commissions on products they sell. Usually they receive tips as well. Very few barbers receive benefits such as insurance or vacation. Most work 40 hour weeks, including evenings and weekends.

Training and Education

Barbers are often required to be licensed by the State Board of Barbering and Cosmetology. Requirements vary, but in California, for example, applicants for licenses must by at least 17 years old, have a ninth grade education, and complete and approved barber course. Graduates compete a written, oral, and practical examination covering different areas of barbering and styling. Applicants can also qualify for a license by completing a two-year apprenticeship program that includes classroom instruction and full-time, paid on-the-job training.

Apprenticeships are available in many metropolitan areas. Barbers wishing to improve their skills can complete courses through barber colleges or manufacturers. Barbers with a great deal of experience sometimes open their own barber shop. Some may become licensed barber college instructors, and others may move on to work for manufacturers of barber products. Visit this page about trade schools for more information on related careers.

Employment

In 2002, barbers, including hair stylists, hair dresser, and cosmetologists, held about 651,000 jobs. Most were employed in barber shops or beauty salons.

Job Outlook

Between 2002 and 2012, employment of barbers is expected to increase more slowly than the average. Very few graduates of cosmetology programs are opting to obtain barber licenses. In addition, many barbers are retiring. Most job openings will result from the need to replace workers who retire, change occupations, or leave their jobs for other reasons.

http://www.education-online-search.com/articles/careers/vocational_careers/barber

Holiday Gifts for the Career-Minded

Does he really need another tie? She, a nightgown? Well maybe.

But if someone on your gift list could use a career boost, consider one of these:

How to Get Your Point Across in 30 Seconds or Less by Milo Frank. The book offers communication lessons from TV commercial and advertising writers. Tony Lee, editor of Career Journal, named this book his Editor’s Choice.

An audio course from the Teaching Company. Many people suffer from Ivy envy. They feel inferior for their lack of a degree from a prestigious college. The Teaching Company offers 175 courses taught by top professors at the nation’s elite colleges, for example, Stanford professor and McArthur “Genius” Fellow, Robert Sapolsky teaching “Biology: The Science of Life."

Stanford aspirants kill themselves for the honor of paying staggering sums to take such classes but thanks to the Teaching Company, the Ivy envier in your life can take a course for just $15-200 and unlike actual Stanford students, they can stop and start the lecturer at will, 24/7.

Frankly, listening to these classes reminded me of how professors, even top ones, make mountains out of molehills—do I really care if music is conjunctive or disjunctive? But perhaps I’m just not sophisticated enough to appreciate even the great professors. For a catalog, go to www.teach12.com or 1-800-teach-12.

How to Win Friends and Influence People by Dale Carnegie. Although it’s been 75 years (and 15 million copies) after its publication, this old chestnut fully deserves a spot on this list. An example of its advice: Every person you meet feels superior to you in some way. Figure out what it is and give the person the opportunity to express that superiority.

Best Home Businesses for People 50+ by Paul and Sarah Edwards. Even if you’re just 15+, this is a good gift idea for anyone who muses about self-employment. It offers specifics on how to succeed in each of 70 businesses that can be run from home. For example, Daily Money Managers help people make bank deposits, pay bills, balance checkbooks, reconcile bank and credit card statements, organize tax papers, and file medical claims. Sounds like an unmet need, but how to get clients? The Edwardses suggests getting referrals from financial planners, tax preparers, mental health providers, hospital social workers, pastors of large churches, and adult services agencies.

A career-related engagement calendar: Palms look cool and allow syncing with your computer, but I stay with a traditional engagement calendar because it’s crashproof and data-entry is faster. The Procrastinator’s Planner includes such features as timewatchers for the dawdler and bail-outs for the incorrigible. The Lawyer Cartoons Weekly Engagement Calendar will mete justice to the attorney in your life Of course, there’s the Dilbert 2005 Weekly Engagement Calendar for the cube dweller on your list, or the calendar I’ll be using in 2005: The Live with Intention 2005 Datebook. It contains obvious but central reminders such as, “Let us live the highest vision of what is possible.” The calligraphy and accompanying paintings are, to my eye, gorgeous. Except for the Dilbert, these calendars may be hard to find locally but are available on calendars.com.

A subscription to Fast Company magazine. ($12 for TWO one-year gift subscriptions. (515-248-7693.) It’s filled with tips and trends for career success. This month’s issue focuses on creativity. A tip from John Nash, the mathematician subject of the movie, A Beautiful Mind: ”Learn by doing. Classes dull the mind.” A trend profiled in this month’s issue of Fast Company: offshoring creativity. Americans take solace that while the US may offshore implementer jobs, most innovator jobs remain here. Alas, not for long. Leading US companies are setting up centers for innovation in India and China so their products, from idea to manufacture, can occur without having to hire the expensive and litigious American workforce.

A resume. Creating a resume is the first step in a job search and a real confidence booster, helping you realize you bring more to the table than you thought. A resume writer can help tease out those gems from your background and word them professionally. It usually costs $200-300 but it can be a worthy investment in your special someone’s future. For non-technical career resumes, I recommend Beth Brown (415-835-2150 or bethbrownresumes@yahoo.com) For technical resumes, you might consider my associate, Dilip Saraf: 510-477-0154.

http://www.martynemko.com/articles/holiday-gifts-for-career-minded_id1350

A Dozen Resolutions for the Career-Minded

It’s really worth the effort to keep these resolutions:

Stop being so self-absorbed and narcissistic. Especially if you’ve been in therapy, you tend to think the world revolves around you. You keep looking inward, worrying, analyzing, fearing what others will think of you. Get out of your head and focus on helping others and on being productive. You’ll be happier, more successful, and better liked.

Talk more crisply, listen more intently. Most of us think we’re good communicators. Alas, few of us are. Keep your utterances under a minute, if possible, under 30 seconds. After 30 seconds, most people start thinking, “I wish he’d finish.” And when you’re listening, really listen to what your counterpart is saying and how he’s saying it. Also, ask follow-up questions. People love to be asked questions.

Act like a star at work. Whether you’re a clerk or a CEO, do the things a world-class employee would do, from the way you walk to the way you talk to the way you tackle hard tasks and difficult people. Act like a star and you boost your chances of becoming one.

Ask for what you want. It’s so simplistic, yet for fear of failure or rejection, people don’t ask. Resolve that from now on, if you’re asking for something reasonable, feel the fear and ask anyway.

Follow The World’s Shortest Management Course: Create a vision, inspire your supervisees to achieve that vision, don’t micromanage, fire the bad quickly, and take the time to hire great employees. As short as that “course,” is, it truly is at the essence of being a successful manager and leader.

Get your job description changed to suit your strengths. Don’t know what your strengths are? Make a list of things you’ve been praised for. Your core strengths lie within.

Request a special project that you’d find fun, would impress your boss, and the results of which would be visible to many employees. For example, if you’re a new and inexperienced salesperson, ask your sales manager if you could interview the other salespeople to create a booklet of sales tips and tricks. If your boss agrees, you get to learn a lot from the old hands and produce a product valuable to all. Instead of being seen as the green newbie, you’d be immediately seen as the up-and-comer.

Forgo State U for You U. When your career is stalled, it’s tempting to consider a back-to-school stint, but there’s an oversupply of degree holders. Thousands of people have spent years and fortunes on finishing their bachelor’s degree or MBA or even PhD to find that career doors did not swing open. You can often learn more of value, more quickly, and less expensively by forgoing State U let alone Private U in favor of what I call You U: self-and mentor-selected articles, books, workshops, conferences, and mentorships.

You might worry, “But an employer won’t be impressed with that.” They will be very impressed if you write the right cover letter. Imagine you were an employer and got an application letter from this candidate:

Dear Mr. Moneybags,

I suspect you’ll be tempted to toss my application because I don’t have an MBA but I believe I’m worth a look precisely because I chose to forgo it.

Having heard from so many people that they derived little of practical value from their MBA, I decided the two years could be more profitably spent.

I contacted marketing directors at leading Silicon Valley software companies and offered to work for them for no pay in exchange for their mentorship. A marketing manager at Hewlett-Packard took me on. After three months, I felt I had learned about as much as I could from him, whereupon I made a similar arrangement with a director of marketing at Cisco.

In those apprenticeships, I was deeply involved in a number of projects similar to those mentioned in your ad. In addition, I attended American Marketing Association conferences, read the best articles and books recommended by the AMA, and spent much of my commute time listening to relevant books on tape. To get the bigger picture, I even read a couple of books by leading academics.

But now comes the moment of truth. I believe I prioritized substance over form, but will you interview me?

I hope that you will appreciate my having developed a beyond-the box learning plan, that I was assertive enough to make it happen, and persistent enough to see it through to completion even though I didn’t have a professor and deadlines forcing me to do so. Perhaps more important, in working at the elbow of top software marketing executives, I learned a tremendous amount about how to do the job well.

I enclose samples of the deliverables I produced during my work at Hewlett-Packard and Cisco

Thank you for your consideration.

Sincerely,

Jane Jobseeker

Would you interview that candidate? When, during a speech, I asked that question of the 200 executives in the audience, 90 percent raised their hand.

Procrastinator, overcome that career killer with this four-step method:

1) Be aware of the moment of truth. There is a moment when you, usually unconsciously, decide you’ll put off that task. Consciously decide whether it’s in your interest to do the task now or whether you’d really be more likely to do it later.

2) If you don’t know how to structure the task, ask for help.

3) Start with one-second tasks. Open the book, turn on your computer, whatever Those one-second tasks aren’t intimidating, and once you start, you usually find yourself continuing.

4) When you reach a stumbling block, struggle for no more than one minute. If you haven’t made progress within a minute, chances are that additional struggling won’t help. So after a one-minute struggle, get help or figure out a way to do the task without that hard part.

Remember the serenity prayer: “Grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change; courage to change the things I can; and wisdom to know the difference.” So often, we let the unchangeable destroy our peace of mind: for example, a problem co-worker with whom we must work. Make that person as small a part of your life as possible, and when confronted with their laziness, stupidity, or tactlessness, just as you would with a brain-injured person, make the big effort to react with sympathy and gratitude for your superiority rather than with judgment and anger at their inferiority.

Job seekers, use the one-week job search. Concentrate your efforts into one hell week. Why? Because that maximizes the chances of your getting multiple job offers at around the same time, so you can pick the best one. The drips-and-drabs job search usually takes months by which time you’re grateful even for a lousy job offer. Besides, wouldn’t it be great to get that yucky task off your plate in just a week?

What to do during your hell week?

1. Answer ten on-target want ads. For portals to hundreds of employment websites go to www.rileyguide.com/jobs.html and www.careerxroads.com.

2. Phone the 25 people who most love you and could help you land a job. Ask them for job leads.

3. Write and then follow-up call a hiring manager (not HR) at 25 dream employers, even if the employer isn’t advertising an appropriate job for you. Try to convince each employer to create a job for you.

4. If you’re looking for a job for which you have previous successful experience, contact five headhunters or employment agencies.

Never look back. Always look forward. My father spent his teenage years in concentration camps. When I was a teenager, I asked him, “How come you never seem angry about that?” He said, “The Nazis took five years from my life. I won’t give them one minute more. Martin, never look back; always look forward.” We all have had bad things in our lives: parents or spouses who abused us, bad luck that impeded us, weaknesses our genetics perpetrated on us. But the people who spend time looking back, playing victim, have much sadder lives than those who never look back; always look forward.

http://www.martynemko.com/articles/dozen-resolutions-for-career-minded_id1349

Lessons from the Learning Annex

Last Monday, I taught a Learning Annex workshop called “Smart Yet Stuck.” Here are my answers to some attendees’ questions:

MYRA, EAST BAY: I was an event planner for a large organization and loved it but then got severe psoriasis. I got let go. Now what?

MN: Ever thought about being a freelance event planner for medical nonprofits, for example, skin disease societies? If your psoriasis flares up, they’ll probably be more empathic.

MARCUS MORA, SAN JOSE: I’m in school to be a journalist, maybe a photojournalist, but I don’t know what to do.

I asked him a few questions, which revealed that he’d love to travel to Asian resorts.

MN: Save up your pennies and take a trip to Asia, write a few reviews of those resorts, supplementing with photographs. You may be able to get the resorts to comp your room. Use the resulting articles as your portfolio and sell yourself as a travel writer.

JIM CHANDLER, CASTRO VALLEY: I did well in high-tech business development, but high-tech’s dead. What should I change to?

MN: High-tech is alive and well, just changed. Look for biz dev opportunities with companies in big dot.coms such as yahoo, ebay, and google, plus at large wireless and enterprise management software companies.

LARRY FREDERICKSON, NAPA: I loved my job as help desk manager for EDS but my job was shipped to New Zealand. What should I do?

MN: First, look for a similar job in a government agency—they’re less likely to offshore. If that fails, look for management jobs in a growing field such as: financial services, accounting, stem cell lab construction, or health care administration.

LISA, SAN BRUNO: I was an accountant and needed to quit. I need a less stressful job.

MN: First, do a thorough job search to maximize your chances of getting more than one job offer. Pick the least stressful one. Mold the job description to fit your strengths. Don’t work extra-long hours the first weeks—that will create the expectation you’ll always do so. If you have a skill deficit, find an expert to teach what you need and to be available for questions. And stay in the moment, doing the best job you can, moment by moment. After that, the success of your efforts is beyond your control. No use worrying about that.

RICHARD, SAN FRANCISCO: I want a career so enjoyable that work and play are interchangeable.

MN: Even most people with ostensibly cool careers don’t always feel that way. Think about Sandra Dee, who just died. All she needed to do was look cute and she made zillions and was idolized. Yet she was depressed her entire life. I know as many people happy in mundane careers as in so-called cool careers. Yes, at the extremes it matters: being a telemarketer isn’t fun. But above that level, career contentment usually comes more from within yourself than from being in a “cool career.”

KATHY KURK, SAN FRANCISCO: I fell into being a legal secretary by chance. It’s all wrong. I’m a gypsy by nature. Should I try to make it work?

MN: In listening to and watching you, my sense is that you need a major career change--your job is just too discordant with who you are. Spend a half day in a career library exploring the indexes of career guides such as my Cool Careers for Dummies. It will quickly expose you to hundreds of career ideas.

CHRIS, ALAMEDA: My whole life, I’ve been a small business manager. Now I want to move to a large business—more security. How do I do it?

MN: Today, even large companies usually don’t offer long-term security. Unless you’re a star, companies increasingly hire people on an as-needed basis, just until the project’s done. So, you need to think of yourself as the owner of a one-person company who’s making sure he or she has a skill set that’s in demand, and that you spend enough time networking and otherwise marketing yourself so when your current project is over, that employer and others will be predisposed to hiring you for your next project.

http://www.martynemko.com/articles/lessons-from-learning-annex_id1341

Finding Security in an Insecure World

It seems like nothing is secure any more. As ever more full-time jobs are converted to contract work or shipped to Bombay, job security is becoming an oxymoron. Our pensions and Social Security can no longer be counted on. We can’t even trust what’s said by our leaders, let alone our business associates: “Don’t worry, we’re not planning on a downsizing,” “Yes, you should buy this product,” “I had no knowledge of the illegal dealings,” “I did not have sex with that woman.” Increasingly, we can’t even feel secure in our places of worship: ministers absconding with our money, sexually abusing parishioners, even our children. And then, of course, there’s terrorism. The question is not if but when, and whether the attack will be nuclear, biological, cyber, or simply poisoning our milk supply.

How can we find security in an ever more insecure world?

The most secure career options:

· Work for a solid and growing company, for example, Genentech, Intel, or General Electric.

· Most government employees are full-time and benefited, and job security is often so good that unless you rob the till, you’ll have your job for life.

· Low-risk self-employment. Keys: low investment, high-profit margin, and low status so you’re less likely to be competing against superstars. Examples: a small chain of well-located espresso carts, an oil-changing service located in a shopping mall parking lot so customers can shop while their oil is changed, mobile home park brokerage, used truck part dealership, window washing service. Such businesses have the additional advantages of providing an essential service so they’re unlikely to be affected by recession or go out of style. The book, The Millionaire Next Door, profiles 750 millionaires. Many of them owned such “dull-normal businesses.”

On the job, to maximize your fire-resistance:

· Try to work for two stars: a star boss in a star organization. My personal favorite company: Genentech. It is in an industry with a bright future, and Genentech because of its location near San Francisco and its university-like corporate culture, attracts some of the world’s best and brightest people.

· Keep learning. First, learn the things your boss will most appreciate. Then to maximize your portability, learn things key in your field. Don’t learn by going back to school. It’s expensive and even if your employer is paying, it’s usually not worth your time: too theoretical and time-consuming, too much information you’ll never need or will have forgotten by the time you need it. Instead, do just-in-time learning. On topics of current interest, read an article or book, talk with an expert, attend a workshop or conference sponsored by your company or professional association. You know you’re doing well when your skill set is above-average relative to your peers.

· Try to connect with your boss and other higher-ups: Do the work he or she prioritizes. Don’t know your boss’s priorities? Ask. Give earned praise. For example, “Great advice, boss.” Even better, write your praise on a handwritten note card. Ask your boss and higher-ups about his work, her life, and be a good listener—ask good follow-up questions.

· Look for problems to solve. Whether you’re a clerk or CEO, you’ll be more fire-resistant if you keep your antennae out for solvable problems and propose a plan for their solution.

· Use the grapevine. What’s growing and declining in your company? Position yourself appropriately. For example, if your nonprofit is deciding to go after bigger donors, read a couple of articles on the art of closing a big donor, then volunteer to work on that project.

· Especially if you’re at risk of being downsized, network with your peers outside the company. That way, if the shoe later drops, you can call on their assistance. Far better to do that after you’ve developed a relationship than when your first contact is, “Hi, I’m looking for a job. Have any leads?”

Even if your job security is guaranteed, feeling secure requires you to do some things outside of work:

Keep your living expenses down. I’m not saying you need to give up your $3 lattes. Only two things are key: keep your housing costs down, and buy three-year old cars, keeping them until they’re unreliable. Just those two things will greatly increase your security.

Invest your money cautiously. For many people, a smart option resides on bankrate.com: it reports the nation’s highest CD rates. For example, currently, you can earn 4.11% on a one-year CD. With the current inflation rate of three percent, even after taxes, that CD puts most people ahead of the game with zero risk and zero hassle. Compare that, for example, with real estate. Sure, real estate is hot now, but it’s risky, and, at minimum, requires a hassle-filled buying and selling process, not to mention landlording and maintenance.

Want to invest in the stock market? When the host of CNBC’s Mad Money, Jim Cramer, was a guest on my radio show, I asked him, “Can’t prudent investing be reduced to just three words: Vanguard Index Funds?” He said, “You’re right.”

Enhance your psychological security. Establish or maintain your favorite rituals: family dinnertime, bedtime routines, worship, holiday celebrations, etc. Maintain or renew long-time trusted friendships with people who bring out the best in you.

Advice I’d give my daughter

Marry for love, but it’s as easy to fall in love with a rich guy as a poor guy. (She did.) You’re not entrepreneurial, so work for the government. (She does.) Invest in Vanguard. (She does.) Read your father’s political articles. (Three out of four ain’t bad.)

http://www.martynemko.com/articles/finding-security-in-insecure-world_id1327

Realistic Dreams

You’d love to have a career pursuing your passion, for example, artist, athlete, musician, or writer.

Yes, if you’re very talented and driven it’s probably worth going for. But my rule of thumb is: If after a year of trying to get paid for your passion, it’s not earning you enough even to pay the rent, it’s time to look for a day job.

Don’t worry. You can probably achieve your dream-- as long as you don’t insist on making a living at it. For example:

Athletes

· Be a volunteer assistant coach at a high school or small college.

· Ever thought of officiating? Perhaps your next vacation should be at the Florida-based Jim Evans Umpiring Academy (umpireacademy.com) Many high school leagues are desperate for officials. They even pay.

Actors

· Do community theater. It can be as rewarding (except financially) as professional theater.

· Write or get someone to write a play for you and perhaps one or two fellow actors, perform it for friends or in a rented-out space, for example, a church school stage.

· Get paid to play patient at a local medical school.

· Colleges hire people to read books for visually or learning-impaired students. Or try organizations that serve the blind.

· Be a reader during a children’s library story hour.

Artists

· With your work in tow, drive from gallery to gallery showing your wares. It’s much harder to refuse a request from an earnest artist with canvases in hand than a disembodied email with jpeg attachments.

· Have a show at a local bank, restaurant, or rented-out space, perhaps with another artist or two.

· Rent a booth at a local street fair.

· Give a talk on art, using your work as examples. How to find a group to talk to? Try the groups listed under “speakers” below.

Musicians

· If your music appeals to young people, volunteer to perform at a junior high school or high school dance.

· If your music appeals to older adults, do a concert at a senior center or convalescent hospital.

· See if a local municipality will allow you to do street performances.

· Rent a recording studio for a few hours, make a CD, and use it as holiday gifts.

Speakers

· Host a talk show on Public Access Cable TV. Many communities welcome anyone with the desire to do a show.

· Host a talk show on a local radio station. Surprisingly, many radio stations, especially university-based radio stations, rent out air time to the public.

· Volunteer to give a talk at the public library, a religious organization, or service club such as the unfairly belittled Rotary, Kiwanis, Lions, etc.

· Teach a class at the local adult school or at the Learning Annex, which offers few-hour courses in hotels in most major cities. (www.learningannex.com.) They pay their speakers.

· Teach a teleclass, a class you teach by telephone. People call in to a special phone number so everyone can hear everyone else. You can receive online training and marketing of your teleclasses for a fee at wwwcourseregistrationsystems.com.

Writers

· Write what you’d love to write. Pull no punches. Write what you find important and believe in without worrying what anyone else thinks of it. A client of mine is passionate about getting more black single women to adopt more black babies. She wrote an op-ed about it. If it doesn’t get published, she’ll send it as an email to everyone she can think of. Most of the pleasure of writing comes not from its getting published but from the process of writing it, rereading it, and showing it to even a few people.

· Can’t get your book published? Publish it on your website and sell it as an ebook (www.doc2pdf.net converts MSWord files to the required pdf format) or get your book printed-on demand through www.xlibris.com or www.iuniverse.com.

· Blog. You get to write your thought of the day, short or long. Set up your blog using the easy and free blogger.com. It even helps direct traffic to your blog. You’ll probably find that people will actually visit your blog, read your stuff, and comment.

· Want to make your opinion known? Write reader reviews on amazon.com, epinions.com, or shopzilla.com.

Craftspeople

· Volunteer for Habitat for Humanity.

· Create stage sets or costumes for high school, college, or community theater productions.

· Sew Halloween costumes. To get customers, put flyers around your neighborhood.

· Sell your crafts on craigslist.org or ebay.com.

· Decorate homes for Christmas

Inventors

United Inventors Association offers plenty of advice for inventors: www.uiausa.com.

For more ways to achieve seemingly long-shot dreams, see Barbara Sher’s Idea Book (available only from geniuspress.com)

Advice I’d Give My Child

Keep knitting. Give away everything you knit.

http://www.martynemko.com/articles/realistic-dreams_id1322