Waiter

Job Duties

Waiters are the largest group of food and beverage service workers. They work in many different types of dining establishments where they take customers' orders, serve them food and beverages, prepare bills, and occasionally accept payments from customers. Their duties vary greatly between different dining facilities. Those who work in coffeeshops serve sandwiches, soups, and salads in a fast and efficient manner. In more expensive restaurants that provide customers with a fine dining experience, waiters play a more formal role that focuses on personal, attentive treatment at a slower pace. In these types of establishments, they usually talk with their customers, suggesting dishes, explaining how food is prepared, and providing guidance on wine selection.

Some waiters prepare simple fare such as salads and desserts. Others may overlap responsibilities with other food and beverage service workers. They may perform such tasks as escorting guests to tables, serving customers seated at counters, clearing and setting up tables, or operating a cash register.

Job Skills

Those interested in waiter positions should have a good memory so they can remember customers' orders. They should have a neat and well-groomed appearance. They need to have a courteous and pleasant personality. Their customer relations skills must be of the highest caliber, and they should be able to function calmly in situations where stress is extremely high.

Income

In 2002, waiters earned a median hourly wage (including tips) of $6.10. Earnings ranged from the lowest 10%, who earned less than $5.70, to the highest 10%, who earned more than $11.00. Most waiters earn more because they acquire higher tips, rather than a higher hourly wage.

Training and Education

There are no specific educational requirements for waiter positions, although many employer prefer applicants who have graduated from high school. Many employees acquire these jobs because they have an immediate need for income, rather than a long-term interest in the profession. Many are in their late teens or early twenties and have little or no job experience. Some are full-time college or high school students. Hotels and restaurants with higher-class standards prefer applicants who have experience in the occupation. These establishments also offer higher wages. Most waiters learn their skills by observing more experienced waiters. Some employers train their employees using audio/video materials, and some employees receive restaurant training from vocational schools, restaurant associations, and large restaurant chains.

Employment

In 2002, waiters held about 2,097,000 jobs. A majority worked in restaurants, coffeeshops, and bars.

Job Outlook

Between 2002 and 2012, employment of waiters is expected to increase about as fast as the average. Some employment growth will result from new job openings, but the vast majority of job openings will be due to the extremely high turnover rate in this occupation. Keen competition is predicted for positions in fine dining establishments and popular restaurants.

To learn more about hospitality, retail, and travel related careers, please visit our section on Hospitality Schools for more information.

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Tree Pruner

Job Duties

Tree pruners are responsible for improving the beauty and functionality of trees and large shrubs. They carry out a wide range of duties involving trees. They trim dead and excess branches off of trees and shrubs. Sometimes this is to clear rights-of-way for roads, sidewalks, or utilities. Sometimes it is simply to improve the health and appearance of the trees. If trees have holes or cavities in their trunks, tree pruners may fill them in order to improve the health and longevity of the tree. Some workers specialize in pruning trees and shrubs for private homes, golf courses, or other facilities. Tree trimmers use a variety of tools, including handsaws, pruning hooks, shears, and clippers. If they work close to powerlines, they may use truck-mounted lifts and power pruners.

Tree pruners help to create healthy, well-maintained landscapes that can leave a positive first impression on people visiting properties. Well-maintained areas around buildings can increase real estate values. Tree pruners work to achieve a pleasant and functional outdoor environment that can give people a peaceful mood or a relaxed feeling.

Job Skills

Tree pruners need to be in good physical shape due to the strenuous nature of the job. They should be able to stand and walk for most of the day. They often are required to lift heavy loads of 100 pound or even more. They need to have the ability to follow instructions carefully and precisely. They also should be responsible and self-motivated because they are often left to work without supervision. Those interested in supervisory positions should have good communication and leadership skills.

Income

In 2002, tree pruners earned a median hourly wage of $12.07. The following shows the median hourly wages in the industries employing the largest numbers of tree pruners:

• Elementary and secondary schools -- $13.36
• Local government -- $11.81
• Services to buildings and dwellings -- $9.38
• Other amusement and recreation industries -- $8.92
• Lessors of real estate -- $8.65
• Employment services -- $8.05

Training and Education

Some tree pruner jobs require a high school diploma, but, other than that, there usually are no minimum education requirements. A majority of workers have a high school diploma or less. Safety procedures and equipment operation are typically taught on the job. Being able to follow directions well is usually the most important requirement. If driving is involved in the job, employers usually try to hire candidates with a good driving record and truck driving experience. Some tree pruners may start their own businesses if they have gained enough experience and have enough motivation.

Employment

In 2002, tree pruners held about 59,000 jobs.

Job Outlook

Between 2002 and 2012, employment of tree pruners is expected to increase faster than the average. This will result from expected growth in building construction, as well as an increase in the number of highways and parks. The maintenance of existing facilities will also generate demand for services from these workers. More businesses are expected to hire tree pruning services to improve the image of their business, and homeowners will continue to be a growing source of demand. More two-income households lack the time to care for their property themselves and will hire more tree pruners to do the work for them.

To learn more about hospitality careers, please see our directory of schools offering Hospitality Training and Degrees.

http://www.education-online-search.com/articles/careers/hospitality_careers/tree_pruner

Tree Pruner

Job Duties

Tree pruners are responsible for improving the beauty and functionality of trees and large shrubs. They carry out a wide range of duties involving trees. They trim dead and excess branches off of trees and shrubs. Sometimes this is to clear rights-of-way for roads, sidewalks, or utilities. Sometimes it is simply to improve the health and appearance of the trees. If trees have holes or cavities in their trunks, tree pruners may fill them in order to improve the health and longevity of the tree. Some workers specialize in pruning trees and shrubs for private homes, golf courses, or other facilities. Tree trimmers use a variety of tools, including handsaws, pruning hooks, shears, and clippers. If they work close to powerlines, they may use truck-mounted lifts and power pruners.

Tree pruners help to create healthy, well-maintained landscapes that can leave a positive first impression on people visiting properties. Well-maintained areas around buildings can increase real estate values. Tree pruners work to achieve a pleasant and functional outdoor environment that can give people a peaceful mood or a relaxed feeling.

Job Skills

Tree pruners need to be in good physical shape due to the strenuous nature of the job. They should be able to stand and walk for most of the day. They often are required to lift heavy loads of 100 pound or even more. They need to have the ability to follow instructions carefully and precisely. They also should be responsible and self-motivated because they are often left to work without supervision. Those interested in supervisory positions should have good communication and leadership skills.

Income

In 2002, tree pruners earned a median hourly wage of $12.07. The following shows the median hourly wages in the industries employing the largest numbers of tree pruners:

• Elementary and secondary schools -- $13.36
• Local government -- $11.81
• Services to buildings and dwellings -- $9.38
• Other amusement and recreation industries -- $8.92
• Lessors of real estate -- $8.65
• Employment services -- $8.05

Training and Education

Some tree pruner jobs require a high school diploma, but, other than that, there usually are no minimum education requirements. A majority of workers have a high school diploma or less. Safety procedures and equipment operation are typically taught on the job. Being able to follow directions well is usually the most important requirement. If driving is involved in the job, employers usually try to hire candidates with a good driving record and truck driving experience. Some tree pruners may start their own businesses if they have gained enough experience and have enough motivation.

Employment

In 2002, tree pruners held about 59,000 jobs.

Job Outlook

Between 2002 and 2012, employment of tree pruners is expected to increase faster than the average. This will result from expected growth in building construction, as well as an increase in the number of highways and parks. The maintenance of existing facilities will also generate demand for services from these workers. More businesses are expected to hire tree pruning services to improve the image of their business, and homeowners will continue to be a growing source of demand. More two-income households lack the time to care for their property themselves and will hire more tree pruners to do the work for them.

To learn more about hospitality careers, please see our directory of schools offering Hospitality Training and Degrees.

http://www.education-online-search.com/articles/careers/hospitality_careers/tree_pruner

Travel Agent

Job Duties

Travel agents assist travelers in making the best decisions when it comes to planning their vacations and other types of trips. They work with travelers to determine which type of trip will suit them best. They accomplish this by asking their clients questions about their travel desires and needs, budgets, and timelines. They design travel plans they feel will meet these criteria and then make all the preparations and arrangements for the client. They may book their clients on cruises or tours. They may organize group travel situations or plan trips for individuals and families.

In order to plan the trip, travel agents read through travel information from published or computerized sources such as maps, official guides, and tariff books. They locate information regarding departure and arrival times, economical fares, car rentals, and hotel ratings and accommodations. They make airline, hotel, and car rental reservations for their clients. They supply their clients with detailed itineraries, take deposits based on the cost of the trip, and schedule special accommodations to fit the particular needs of a client. They give their clients all the information they need to prepare for the trip, including information about customs regulations, passports, visas, immunization requirements, and currency exchange rates.

Job Skills

Travel agents, first and foremost, must have a passion for travel. Beyond this, they must have excellent communications skills that allow them to clearly convey their passion to clients. They should have a pleasant personality and a neat appearance. They also need to be well-organized, accurate, and detail-oriented.

Income

Travel agents with minimal experience usually earn $825 to $1,800 per month, while those with at least 3 years of experience earn $1,500 to $2,825 per month. Benefits may include paid vacations, holidays, sick leave, health insurance, pension, profit-sharing, annual bonus, or commission. After 1 year, agents usually become eligible for travel discounts such as reduced airfare and reduced costs for hotels, car rentals, tours, and cruises.

Training and Education

Those interested in becoming a travel agent should have at least a high school diploma as this is the typical minimum requirement. Travel training and college education can be very advantageous. Some vocational schools offer 3 to 12 week courses that prepare students for the occupation. Students can also find training at public adult education programs, community colleges, and universities. Travel correspondence courses through the Institute of Certified Travel Agents can lead to certification as a certified travel agent and can be a huge advantage. College courses in computer science, geography, foreign languages, history, accounting, and business management can also help applicants secure positions.

Job Outlook

Between 2002 and 2012, employment of hosts and hostesses is expected to decline. The travel industry is becoming more and more consolidated, and more people are utilizing online travel services to plan their trips. This decline will be tempered somewhat by the projected increase in household income and tourism spending. Because so many are drawn to the occupation, keen competition for available positions is predicted.

To learn more about beomcing a travel agent, please visit our section on Trave Agent Schools for more information.

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Slot Key Person

Job Duties

Slot key persons, sometimes referred to as slot attendants or slot technicians, are responsible for the operation of the slot area in a gaming facility. They verify slot winnings and disperse money to patrons based on those winnings. After completing a payout, they reset the slot machine and refill it with money. They make minor repairs to the machines and are familiar with a variety of different machines. When a machine malfunctions, they decide if it should be removed from the floor while major repairs are completed. They also report safety hazards and enforce safety regulations.

Legalized gambling is a multi-billion-dollar business in the United States and includes casinos, State lotteries, wagering on dog and horse racing, and charitable gaming. Most slot key persons are employed in casinos, and their specific duties vary from establishment to establishment. Some positions require specialized skills while others require skills that are common to almost all types of businesses.

Job Skills

Slot key persons should have an outgoing personality. They must have the ability to maintain their composure even when dealing with angry or demanding patrons. Because so many of these workers handle money, and sometimes large sums of it, personal integrity and honesty are also very important qualities.

Income

In 2002, slot key persons earned a median annual salary of $22,870. Earnings varied greatly depending on level of experience, training, location, and size of the gaming establishment in which they worked.

Training and Education

The typical minimum educational requirement for slot key person positions is a high school diploma or GED. All workers are required to obtain a license issued by a State casino control board or commission. In order to qualify for this license, applicants must submit photo identification, proof of State residency, and a fee. The licensing procedure in all States includes a background check. Every casino has different educational requirements, and almost all provide some type of on-the-job or in-house training. Those interested in long-term careers in the industry are encouraged to earn an associate's, bachelor's, or master's degree in a major such as hospitality management, hospitality administration, or hotel administration. Some vocational, community, and technical colleges offer training for this occupation.

Employment

In 2002, slot key persons held about 21,000 jobs. Most were employed by commercial casinos, and the largest concentration of workers was found in Nevada and New Jersey.

Job Outlook

Between 2002 and 2012, employment of slot key persons is expected to increase faster than the average. Even in times of economic recession, casino profits continue to rise, and many States that do not currently allow gambling are reconsidering that stance. Opportunities will be best for those with a degree or certification in gaming or a hospitality-related field, as well as those with previous experience and good communication skills.

To learn more about hospitality, retail, and travel related careers, please visit our section on Hospitality Schools for more information.

http://www.education-online-search.com/articles/careers/hospitality_careers/slot_key_person

Slot Key Person

Job Duties

Slot key persons, sometimes referred to as slot attendants or slot technicians, are responsible for the operation of the slot area in a gaming facility. They verify slot winnings and disperse money to patrons based on those winnings. After completing a payout, they reset the slot machine and refill it with money. They make minor repairs to the machines and are familiar with a variety of different machines. When a machine malfunctions, they decide if it should be removed from the floor while major repairs are completed. They also report safety hazards and enforce safety regulations.

Legalized gambling is a multi-billion-dollar business in the United States and includes casinos, State lotteries, wagering on dog and horse racing, and charitable gaming. Most slot key persons are employed in casinos, and their specific duties vary from establishment to establishment. Some positions require specialized skills while others require skills that are common to almost all types of businesses.

Job Skills

Slot key persons should have an outgoing personality. They must have the ability to maintain their composure even when dealing with angry or demanding patrons. Because so many of these workers handle money, and sometimes large sums of it, personal integrity and honesty are also very important qualities.

Income

In 2002, slot key persons earned a median annual salary of $22,870. Earnings varied greatly depending on level of experience, training, location, and size of the gaming establishment in which they worked.

Training and Education

The typical minimum educational requirement for slot key person positions is a high school diploma or GED. All workers are required to obtain a license issued by a State casino control board or commission. In order to qualify for this license, applicants must submit photo identification, proof of State residency, and a fee. The licensing procedure in all States includes a background check. Every casino has different educational requirements, and almost all provide some type of on-the-job or in-house training. Those interested in long-term careers in the industry are encouraged to earn an associate's, bachelor's, or master's degree in a major such as hospitality management, hospitality administration, or hotel administration. Some vocational, community, and technical colleges offer training for this occupation.

Employment

In 2002, slot key persons held about 21,000 jobs. Most were employed by commercial casinos, and the largest concentration of workers was found in Nevada and New Jersey.

Job Outlook

Between 2002 and 2012, employment of slot key persons is expected to increase faster than the average. Even in times of economic recession, casino profits continue to rise, and many States that do not currently allow gambling are reconsidering that stance. Opportunities will be best for those with a degree or certification in gaming or a hospitality-related field, as well as those with previous experience and good communication skills.

To learn more about hospitality, retail, and travel related careers, please visit our section on Hospitality Schools for more information.

http://www.education-online-search.com/articles/careers/hospitality_careers/slot_key_person

Retail Store Manager

Retail store managers specialize in the management of stores that sell specific types of merchandise, such as groceries, meat, liquor, apparel, furniture, automobile parts, electronic items, or household appliances. They may also work in a specific department within a department store. Retail store managers may plan advertising campaigns and sales promotions, hire and train personnel, control inventories, draft budgets, and recommend, establish, or implement store procedures and policies. Sometimes they many direct remodeling, plan store layouts and design displays, determine selling strategies, and represent the store to manufacturers. They may also be responsible for stocking shelves, taking inventory, supervising employees, or doing sales work. Managers in large stores usually delegate these tasks to other workers, while managers in smaller establishments may perform many of the tasks themselves.

Job Skills

Retail store managers should be able to communicate clearly with, and get along with, many different types of people. They should have qualities such as initiative, self-discipline, and decisiveness. They need to be able to organize and motivate the workers they supervise. Because their duties often require them to attend to all areas of the store, they must be able to withstand long periods of walking and standing.

Income

Retail store managers have an average hourly wage of $17.74, but earnings vary depending on the size, type, and profitability of the store where they work. They may start out making anywhere from minimum wage to $9.00 per hour in small stores with reasonably priced merchandise. Managers often receive bonuses of various types. While the methods for determining bonuses vary between companies, a highly successful manager may earn a total of $100,000 per year or more.

Training and Education

Retail store managers enter the occupation through a variety of paths. Some employers require applicants to have a college degree in business administration, while others only require two years of college. Courses of study may include accounting, public speaking, and basic computer operations. Community colleges offer associate's degrees in marketing. Some employers are less interested in formal education and more interested in experience and aptitude. Many companies offer on-the-job training programs for managers to further develop their skills.

Employees usually need to demonstrate their leadership potential or have a strong educational background in order to qualify for these development programs. Retail store managers may advance to their position through the ranks as sales person, assistant buyer, buyer, and ultimately, store manager. From store manager, they may advance further to branch or division manager. Visit this page about retail management courses for more information on becoming a retail store manager.

Job Outlook

Job opportunity for retail store managers is expected to grow faster than the average for all occupations. This will be largely due to the expansion of retail stores, the high turnover rate in the occupation, the trend toward keeping stores open longer, and changing populations and markets that constantly require new marketing strategies. Opportunity will be best for those managers who are able to adapt to continuing innovations in retail management, especially those who can foresee opportunities in new markets.

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